Archwire
A wire engaged in orthodontic braces/brackets. Archwires cause and guide tooth movement.
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Band (orthodontic)
A thin metal ring, usually stainless steel, which serves to secure orthodontic attachments (braces/brackets) to a tooth. The band, with a bracket welded or soldered to it, is closely adapted to fit the contours of the tooth and then cemented into place. Bands are normally only attached to back (molar) teeth.
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Bracket
An orthodontic attachment that is secured to a tooth (either by bonding or banding) for the purpose of engaging an arch wire. Brackets can be fabricated from metal, ceramic, or plastic.
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Ceramic brackets
Crystalline alumina tooth-shade or clear synthetic sapphire brackets that are aesthetically more attractive than conventional metal brackets.
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Crowding
Dental malalignment caused by inadequate space for the teeth.
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Debanding
The removal of orthodontic bands or brackets.
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Elastics (rubber bands)
Elastics are worn between the upper and lower teeth to correct the bite.
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Gingiva
The tissue that surrounds the teeth.
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Headgear
Generic term for extraoral traction. Headgear is used for growth modification, tooth movement, and anchorage.
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Herbst appliance
Fixed appliance designed commonly for overbite problems.
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Imaging
The process of acquiring representations of structures in either two or three dimensions. In orthodontics, this commonly refers to x-rays, photographs and study models (impressions/molds).
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Lingual
A term used to describe surfaces and directions toward the tongue.
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Lingual appliances
Orthodontic appliances fixed to the lingual surface of the teeth.
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Maxillary
Of or pertaining to the upper jaw. May be used to describe teeth, dental restorations, orthodontic appliances, or facial structures.
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Orthodontist
A dental specialist who has completed an advanced post-doctoral course, accredited by the American Dental Association, of at least two academic years in the special area of orthodontics following completion of dental school.
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Orthognathic surgery
Surgery to alter relationships of teeth and/or supporting bones, usually accomplished in conjunction with orthodontic therapy.
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Overbite
Vertical overlapping of upper teeth over lower teeth.
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Radiograph
A permanent image, typically on film, produced by ionizing radiation. Sometimes called an x-ray after the most common source of image-producing radiation.
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Retainer
Any orthodontic appliance, fixed or removable, used to maintain the position of the teeth following corrective treatment.
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Retention
The treatment period following active orthodontic correction during which retainers are used.
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